Article

Umbilical Hernia Symptoms

How umbilical hernias present in adults, common risk factors, and when surgery is recommended.

Medically reviewed byDr. Ariel Ortiz, MD, FACS, FASMBSLast reviewed: December 1, 2026

An umbilical hernia is a defect at or near the belly button. In adults, umbilical hernias do not typically close on their own and may slowly enlarge over time.

Typical symptoms

  • A soft bulge at or near the navel
  • Bulge that becomes more visible with coughing, lifting, or straining
  • Mild pressure or discomfort
  • Skin irritation over the bulge in larger hernias

Risk factors

  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity
  • Heavy lifting or chronic strain
  • Chronic cough or constipation
  • Conditions causing abdominal fluid accumulation

When surgery is recommended

Adult umbilical hernias are commonly repaired when symptomatic, enlarging, or when there is concern about incarceration. Defects larger than 1–2 cm typically benefit from mesh reinforcement to reduce recurrence.

Related reading

Educational disclaimer: This page is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Individual recommendations require consultation with a qualified healthcare professional.

Sources & references

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